Recipes

Old-world recipes built around the crops in this guide. Most are centuries old โ€” the kind of food that sustained people through hard winters long before supermarkets. Nothing exotic, nothing wasted.

Staple Dishes

Calorie-dense, year-round recipes built on the guide's core crops.

๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ช Ireland ยท 18th century

Colcannon

Potatoes ยท Kale or Cabbage ยท Leeks

Ingredients

  • 2 lbs potatoes
  • 1 lb kale or cabbage, shredded
  • 2 leeks, sliced
  • 4 tbsp butter
  • ยฝ cup milk or cream
  • Salt and pepper

Method

  1. Boil potatoes until tender. Drain and mash with butter and milk.
  2. Wilt shredded kale or cabbage in butter, 5 min.
  3. Soften sliced leeks in butter until sweet, 8 min.
  4. Fold kale and leeks into mash. Season well.
  5. Serve with a well of butter in the centre.
A winter staple for centuries โ€” all ingredients store well into spring.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Tuscany ยท 14th century

Ribollita

Kale ยท Dry Beans ยท Onions ยท Carrots ยท Garlic ยท Tomatoes

Ingredients

  • 2 cups dried white beans, soaked overnight
  • 1 large bunch kale, chopped
  • 2 onions, diced
  • 3 carrots, diced
  • 4 garlic cloves
  • 2 cups crushed tomatoes
  • Stale bread, torn
  • Olive oil, rosemary, salt

Method

  1. Cook soaked beans in fresh water until just tender, ~1 hour.
  2. Sautรฉ onion, carrot, garlic in olive oil until soft.
  3. Add tomatoes and rosemary; cook 15 min.
  4. Add beans and kale; simmer 30 min.
  5. Stir in torn stale bread; simmer until thick.
  6. Rest overnight. Re-heat (ribollita = "re-boiled") for best flavour.
Originally peasant food made to stretch stale bread โ€” one of the great soups of the world.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ Eastern Europe ยท 14th century

Borscht

Beets ยท Cabbage ยท Carrots ยท Onions ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 4 large beets, grated
  • ยฝ head cabbage, shredded
  • 2 carrots, grated
  • 1 onion, diced
  • 3 garlic cloves
  • 2 tbsp cider vinegar
  • Fresh dill, salt

Method

  1. Sautรฉ onion in oil until soft.
  2. Add grated beets and carrots; cook 5 min.
  3. Add shredded cabbage and garlic.
  4. Cover with 6 cups water or stock; simmer 40 min.
  5. Add vinegar to preserve deep colour. Season well.
  6. Serve with fresh dill. Add sour cream if available.
All roots store through winter โ€” a true cold-cellar recipe.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿด๓ ง๓ ข๓ ฅ๓ ฎ๓ ง๓ ฟ Medieval England ยท 14th century

Pottage

Dry Peas ยท Leeks ยท Turnips ยท Onions ยท Parsley

Ingredients

  • 2 cups dried peas, soaked overnight
  • 2 leeks, sliced
  • 2 turnips, diced
  • 1 onion, diced
  • Handful fresh parsley
  • Fresh thyme, salt

Method

  1. Simmer soaked peas in 6 cups water until soft, ~1 hour.
  2. Add diced leeks, turnips, and onion.
  3. Cook until all vegetables are tender, 20 min more.
  4. Stir in parsley and thyme. Season.
  5. Serve thick as a stew or thin with more water as a soup.
The everyday meal of medieval Europe for five centuries โ€” simple, nourishing, filling.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ› Ancient Rome / Middle East ยท 2,000+ years

Lentil Soup with Herbs

Dry Peas / Lentils ยท Garlic ยท Onions ยท Carrots ยท Parsley

Ingredients

  • 2 cups green or red lentils
  • 1 onion, diced
  • 4 garlic cloves, sliced
  • 2 carrots, diced
  • 1 tsp cumin
  • 1 tsp coriander
  • Olive oil, lemon, parsley, salt

Method

  1. Sautรฉ onion and garlic in oil until golden.
  2. Add lentils, carrots, spices, and 6 cups water.
  3. Simmer 30โ€“40 min until lentils are soft.
  4. Finish with a squeeze of lemon and fresh parsley.
  5. For a smoother texture, blend half the soup.
Virtually unchanged since Roman times. One of the most complete plant-protein meals available.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Tuscany ยท 15th century

Fagioli all'Uccelletto

Dry Beans ยท Garlic ยท Tomatoes ยท Sage

Ingredients

  • 2 cups dried white beans, soaked overnight
  • 4 garlic cloves, whole
  • 10 fresh sage leaves
  • 1 cup crushed tomatoes
  • Generous olive oil, salt, black pepper

Method

  1. Cook soaked beans in fresh water until just tender.
  2. Warm generous olive oil in a wide pan.
  3. Fry garlic and sage until fragrant, 2 min.
  4. Add beans and crushed tomatoes.
  5. Simmer 20 min until sauce is thick and beans are creamy.
  6. Season well. Serve with crusty bread.
The best use of dried beans in the Italian tradition โ€” rich without meat.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ“ Middle East ยท 13th century

Mujaddara

Dry Peas / Lentils ยท Onions ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 1 cup green lentils
  • ยฝ cup bulgur wheat or rice
  • 3 large onions, thinly sliced
  • 4 garlic cloves
  • 1 tsp cumin, 1 tsp coriander
  • Olive oil, salt

Method

  1. Cook lentils in water until just tender, ~25 min. Drain, reserve liquid.
  2. Cook bulgur or rice in lentil water until absorbed.
  3. Slowly fry onions in generous oil 30โ€“40 min until deeply caramelized and almost crispy.
  4. Combine lentils and grain; season with cumin, coriander, salt.
  5. Pile caramelized onions on top. Serve warm or at room temperature.
One of the oldest recipes still made today โ€” possibly the biblical "mess of pottage." Complete protein from lentils and grain combined. The onions are the soul of the dish; don't rush them.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ“ Medieval Europe ยท 13th century

Parsnip & Walnut Soup

Parsnips ยท Walnuts ยท Leeks ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 1.5 lbs parsnips, peeled and halved
  • ยฝ cup walnuts or hazelnuts
  • 2 leeks, sliced
  • 3 garlic cloves
  • 4 cups water or stock
  • Fresh thyme, olive oil, salt

Method

  1. Roast parsnips with oil and thyme at 400ยฐF until caramelized, ~30 min.
  2. Toast walnuts in a dry pan until fragrant; set aside.
  3. Soften leeks and garlic in oil, 8 min.
  4. Add roasted parsnips and stock; simmer 15 min.
  5. Blend smooth. Stir in ground walnuts for richness. Season well.
Parsnips sweeten dramatically after frost โ€” harvest late for best flavour. The walnuts add fat and depth that make this feel rich without dairy. A medieval banquet dish scaled to peasant ingredients.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ“ Medieval England ยท 14th century

Pease Pudding

Dry Peas / Lentils ยท Parsley

Ingredients

  • 2 cups dried split peas, soaked overnight
  • 3 tbsp butter
  • 1 egg (optional โ€” binds for slicing)
  • Handful fresh parsley
  • Salt, black pepper

Method

  1. Boil soaked peas in fresh water until very soft and almost dry, ~1 hour.
  2. Drain well. Mash or blend with butter, parsley, salt, and pepper until smooth.
  3. Stir in beaten egg if using. Wrap tightly in cloth or press into a bowl.
  4. Steam 30 min (with egg) or chill as-is.
  5. Serve warm as a thick side dish, or slice cold and pan-fry until golden.
Medieval fast food โ€” high protein, filling, long-lasting. Cold slices pan-fried in butter are a revelation. Travelled with armies, fed navies, stored for weeks.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ“ Southern Italy ยท Medieval

Turnip Greens with Garlic

Turnip Greens ยท Garlic ยท Dry Beans

Ingredients

  • 1 lb turnip greens (or beet greens, kale)
  • 5 garlic cloves, sliced
  • Generous olive oil
  • Pinch dried chilli (optional)
  • Salt
  • Crusty bread or cooked white beans to serve

Method

  1. Blanch greens in salted boiling water 3 min. Drain; press out water.
  2. Heat generous olive oil in a wide pan.
  3. Fry garlic (and chilli if using) until just golden, 2 min.
  4. Add greens; toss well over high heat 3โ€“4 min.
  5. Season. Serve over white beans or with crusty bread to soak up the oil.
Your guide notes "turnip greens are the real prize" โ€” this recipe proves it. Bitter greens, sweet garlic, fruity oil. Identical technique works for beet greens, kale, and chard.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ“ Eastern Europe ยท Medieval

Buckwheat Kasha

Buckwheat ยท Onions ยท Dill

Ingredients

  • 1 cup whole buckwheat groats
  • 2 cups water or stock
  • 2 onions, diced
  • 2 tbsp butter or oil
  • Fresh dill, salt

Method

  1. Toast buckwheat in a dry pan, stirring, until nutty and fragrant, ~3 min.
  2. Add water or stock; bring to boil, reduce heat, cover.
  3. Simmer 12โ€“15 min until all liquid is absorbed. Rest 5 min.
  4. Meanwhile sautรฉ onions in butter until golden.
  5. Fold onions through kasha; season. Finish with fresh dill.
Buckwheat is in the guide as a cover crop โ€” but it's also a complete protein grain that's been a staple of northern and eastern Europe for a thousand years. Gluten-free, nutty, satisfying.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐ŸŒฝ Native American ยท Ancient

Three Sisters Stew

Corn ยท Dry Beans ยท Winter Squash ยท Onions ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 2 cups dried beans, soaked overnight
  • 2 cups dried or fresh corn kernels
  • 1 medium winter squash, peeled and cubed
  • 1 onion, diced
  • 3 garlic cloves
  • Dried sage, salt

Method

  1. Simmer soaked beans in 6 cups water for 1 hour.
  2. Add cubed squash, corn, onion, garlic, and sage.
  3. Simmer 30 min until squash is tender and stew is thick.
  4. Season. Add more water for a thinner broth.
The three crops grown together, cooked together. Complete protein when beans and corn are combined.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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Preservation & Fermentation

Techniques that turn a summer glut into a year-round supply.

๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Germany / Eastern Europe ยท Ancient

Sauerkraut

Cabbage ยท Salt

Ingredients

  • 2 lbs cabbage, thinly shredded
  • 1 tbsp non-iodized salt per 2 lbs cabbage
  • Caraway seeds (optional)

Method

  1. Shred cabbage finely. Toss with salt.
  2. Massage firmly 5โ€“10 min until cabbage releases liquid.
  3. Pack tightly into a clean jar, pressing until brine covers cabbage.
  4. Weight down to keep submerged. Cover loosely.
  5. Ferment at room temperature 1โ€“4 weeks. Taste from day 7.
  6. Move to cold storage when tang is right. Keeps months.
Live probiotics, vitamin C, preserved calories โ€” two ingredients, no equipment needed.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿฅ’ Eastern Europe ยท Ancient

Lacto-Fermented Pickles

Cucumbers ยท Garlic ยท Dill

Ingredients

  • 1 lb small cucumbers
  • 1 tbsp non-iodized salt per cup of water
  • 4 garlic cloves
  • Fresh dill heads and stems
  • Optional: horseradish leaf, oak leaf (keeps crunch)

Method

  1. Dissolve salt in cold water to make brine.
  2. Pack cucumbers into a jar with garlic and dill.
  3. Add a horseradish or oak leaf if available โ€” tannins keep pickles crisp.
  4. Pour brine over to fully cover. Weight down.
  5. Ferment at room temperature 3โ€“7 days. Taste daily.
  6. Refrigerate once sour enough. Keeps 3โ€“6 months cold.
No vinegar, no canning โ€” salt and time do all the work. Probiotic and shelf-stable.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Britain / Scandinavia ยท 18th century

Rhubarb Preserve

Rhubarb ยท Honey ยท Ginger

Ingredients

  • 2 lbs rhubarb stalks, sliced into 1-inch pieces
  • 1 cup honey or sugar
  • 1 tbsp fresh ginger, grated (or ยฝ tsp dried)
  • Juice of 1 lemon (optional โ€” improves set)

Method

  1. Toss rhubarb with honey; leave overnight โ€” it draws out the juice naturally.
  2. Transfer to a pan with ginger and lemon juice.
  3. Bring to a boil, stirring; reduce heat and simmer 20โ€“25 min until thick and jammy.
  4. Test set: place a spoonful on a cold plate โ€” it should wrinkle when pushed.
  5. Pour into sterilized jars. Seal hot. Keeps 1 year unopened.
Rhubarb is one of the first harvests each spring โ€” this preserve bridges the hungry gap before summer fruit arrives. The stalks are edible; the leaves are toxic, discard them.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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Perennial Crop Recipes

Recipes from the food forest โ€” trees, shrubs, and hedgerow harvests.

๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Old England ยท Medieval

Elderberry Syrup

Elderberry ยท Ginger ยท Honey

Ingredients

  • 2 cups fresh elderberries (stripped from stems)
  • 3 cups water
  • 1 tbsp fresh ginger, grated
  • 1 tsp cinnamon
  • 3โ€“4 cloves
  • 1 cup raw honey

Method

  1. Simmer elderberries, ginger, cinnamon, and cloves in water 45 min until reduced by half.
  2. Mash berries, then strain through muslin or cheesecloth. Discard solids.
  3. Cool liquid below 105ยฐF โ€” heat destroys honey's medicinal properties.
  4. Stir in honey until dissolved. Bottle and refrigerate.
  5. Take 1 tbsp daily as immune tonic; 1 tbsp every 2โ€“3 hours when ill.
Keeps 3 months refrigerated. Raw elderberries are mildly toxic โ€” always cook first. Use dried berries off-season (halve the quantity).
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Scandinavia / Britain ยท WWII rationing

Rose Hip Syrup

Rugosa Rose (hips) ยท Honey

Ingredients

  • 2 lbs ripe rose hips
  • 6 cups water (split: 4 + 2)
  • ยพ cup honey or sugar

Method

  1. Trim blossom ends and stems. Chop hips roughly.
  2. Boil in 4 cups water for 15 min. Strain through muslin โ€” do not squeeze (fine seed hairs irritate the throat).
  3. Return liquid to pan. Add 2 more cups water to pulp, boil again, strain again.
  4. Combine both strained liquids. Add honey; simmer 5 min.
  5. Bottle hot. Refrigerate after opening.
Rose hips contain 20ร— more vitamin C than oranges. Used as a national vitamin C supplement across Britain during WWII when citrus was rationed.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Tuscany / Corsica ยท Medieval

Castagnaccio

Chestnut ยท Walnuts ยท Rosemary

Ingredients

  • 2 cups chestnut flour
  • 1ยฝ cups water
  • 2 tbsp olive oil + extra for pan
  • Pinch of salt
  • Handful of walnuts or pine nuts
  • Fresh rosemary sprigs
  • Handful of raisins (optional)

Method

  1. Whisk chestnut flour with water and olive oil until a smooth, thin batter forms. Season with salt.
  2. Pour into a well-oiled baking pan (should be about ยฝ inch deep).
  3. Scatter walnuts, rosemary, and raisins across the top.
  4. Bake at 375ยฐF (190ยฐC) for 30โ€“35 min until top is cracked and edges pull away.
  5. Serve warm or at room temperature. Naturally sweet, earthy, gluten-free.
Medieval peasant food of the Tuscan and Ligurian highlands โ€” chestnut flour kept people alive through winter when grain ran short.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Britain / Scandinavia ยท Medieval

Nettle Soup

Spinach (or nettles) ยท Potatoes ยท Leeks ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 4 cups young nettles or spinach
  • 2 medium potatoes, diced
  • 1 leek, sliced
  • 2 garlic cloves
  • 4 cups water or stock
  • Salt, butter or cream (optional)

Method

  1. If using nettles: harvest young tops with gloves; rinse well.
  2. Simmer diced potato and leek in stock for 15 min.
  3. Add nettles or spinach and garlic. Cooking destroys nettle sting.
  4. Simmer 5 min. Blend until smooth.
  5. Season. Finish with a knob of butter or swirl of cream.
A spring tonic eaten across northern Europe for millennia. Nettles are one of the most mineral-dense wild greens available โ€” iron, calcium, magnesium. Use spinach as a year-round substitute.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Medieval France ยท 14th century

Sorrel Soup

Sorrel ยท Potatoes ยท Leeks ยท Garlic

Ingredients

  • 4 cups fresh sorrel leaves, roughly chopped
  • 2 medium potatoes, diced
  • 1 leek, sliced
  • 2 garlic cloves
  • 4 cups water or stock
  • Knob of butter, salt

Method

  1. Soften leek and garlic in butter, 5 min.
  2. Add diced potato and stock; simmer 15 min until potato is tender.
  3. Stir in sorrel โ€” it collapses almost instantly and turns olive-green.
  4. Simmer 3 min. Blend until smooth.
  5. Season. The sorrel provides sharp, lemony acidity โ€” no added acid needed.
Sorrel is one of the most reliable perennials in the guide โ€” it reappears every spring before almost anything else. The sharpness comes from oxalic acid; the same compound found in spinach. Not for those with kidney stones in large quantities.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Medieval Britain ยท 15th century

Elderflower Cordial

Elderflower ยท Honey ยท Lemon

Ingredients

  • 20 large elderflower heads, shaken to remove insects
  • 1 litre water
  • 700g honey or sugar
  • 2 lemons, sliced (or 2 tsp citric acid)

Method

  1. Dissolve honey in hot water; cool to lukewarm.
  2. Add elderflower heads and lemon slices. Do not rinse flowers โ€” the pollen carries the flavour.
  3. Cover and steep 24โ€“48 hours.
  4. Strain through muslin. Bottle in sterilized glass.
  5. Dilute 1:10 with cold water to serve. Keeps 4โ€“6 weeks refrigerated; freeze for longer.
The elderflower window is brief โ€” 2โ€“3 weeks in late spring/early summer. Harvest in dry weather when flowers are fully open but before petals drop. A single established elder tree yields dozens of heads. Doubles as a base for elderflower champagne with a pinch of wild yeast.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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๐Ÿ› Ancient Rome ยท 1st century

Asparagus Frittata

Asparagus ยท Garlic ยท Onions ยท Eggs

Ingredients

  • 1 lb asparagus, woody ends snapped off
  • 6 eggs
  • 1 small onion, thinly sliced
  • 2 garlic cloves, sliced
  • Olive oil, salt, black pepper
  • Hard cheese to finish (optional)

Method

  1. Blanch asparagus 2 min in salted water; drain and cut into 1-inch pieces.
  2. Sautรฉ onion and garlic in oil in an oven-safe pan until soft, 8 min.
  3. Add asparagus; toss briefly.
  4. Beat eggs with salt and pepper; pour over vegetables.
  5. Cook on low heat until edges set, ~5 min. Transfer to oven at 375ยฐF; bake 8โ€“10 min until just set in the centre.
  6. Grate cheese over top if using. Rest 5 min before slicing.
Apicius, the first-century Roman cookbook, contains an asparagus patina nearly identical to this. Asparagus is one of the most labour-free perennials in the guide โ€” once established it produces for 20+ years with almost no work. The frittata technique works with any seasonal vegetable.
★★★★★ ★★★★★
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For herb uses, medicinal preparations, teas, and infused oils โ€” including the full herb reference table โ€” see the Herbs page.